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| c. 1050 |
| | | The rulers of Baghdad harness homing pigeons as postmen. | |
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| 1055 |
| | | Togrul Beg enters Baghdad and is granted by the caliph the title of sultan, which becomes hereditary in his Seljuk dynasty | |
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| c. 1100 |
| | | Greek texts, translated by Arabic scholars in Baghdad, gradually make their way through the Muslim world to Christian Europe | |
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| 1258 |
| | | When Hulagu and his Mongol army reach Baghdad, in 1258, it is said that 800,000 of the inhabitants are killed - and the caliph is kicked to death | |
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| 1831 |
| | | Mameluke power ends with their suppression in Baghdad, following a massacre in Cairo twenty years earlier | |
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| 1845 |
| | | British archaeologist Henry Layard, in his first month of digging in Iraq, discovers the Assyrian city of Nimrud | |
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| 1853 |
| | | Hormuzd Rassam discovers the magnficent lion-hunt reliefs in the palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh | |
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| 1914 November 23 |
| | | A British force seizes the Turkish port of Basra, to safeguard the supply of Persian oil | |
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| 1915 November 22 |
| | | A British and Indian force is defeated by the Turks at Ctesiphon, on the bank of the Tigris | |
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| 1916 |
| | | Britain and France sign the secret Sykes-Picot Agreement, dividing up spheres of influence in the Middle East | |
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